Cirrhosis of the liver is the end point of chronic liver fibrosis. Although the liver is capable of regeneration in response to acute damage, prolonged insult can result in permanent tissue damage and functional impairment, eventually leading to end-stage liver disease and cirrhosis. Acute liver injury is primarily caused by viruses and drugs. The liver responds to insult in one of two ways, depending on if the damage is acute or chronic. Normal liver function can be disrupted by many different diseases and injury, such as viruses, drugs, poisons, carcinomas, hemochromatosis, and Wilson disease, resulting in a fibrotic response and eventual cirrhosis. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Conclusions: Multiple site syringe injection is a simple technique to decellularized liver cubes for preparation of native liver scaffold for tissue engineering.Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. Result and discussion: Decellularized liver cubes using multiple site syringe injection compared to undecellularized liver showed removal of cells and structurally intact extracellular matrix as observed from histological specimens. The decellularized liver cubes were processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The liver cubes were incubated in EGTA solution for 30 minutes and followed by multiple site syringe injection with increasing SDS concentration (0.1 %, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) until appeared transparent (± 6 hours). Material and methods: Isolated rat livers were freeze-thawed and cut into cubical form with a size of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 0.7 cm up to 1 cm. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a technique of simple liver decellularization with multiple site syringe injection. Limited laboratory facilities have a peristaltic pump, thus limiting the usage of perfusion decellularization techniques. Immersion technique requires longer duration and risk of tissue decay in the tissue core. Frequently used decellularization methods include immersion or peristaltic pump perfusion techniques. Liver scaffolds are obtained by decellularization of native liver. Scaffold is one of the important parts of tissue engineering.
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